Introduction to
Photography
Minimalist Guide
| 摄影入门极简指南
简约而不简单的光影笔记
Simple but not easy light and shadow notes
用光影定格瞬间，让平凡成为永恒
Use light and shadow to freeze the moment and make the ordinary eternal.
| 什么是摄影？
What is photography?
01
曝光三要素
3 elements of exposure
02
构图
Compose
03
光线
Ray of light
04
色彩
Color
05
对焦
Bring into focus
06
模式选择
Mode selection
07
后期
Later stage
摄影是捕捉光与影的艺术，找到属于你的焦点，按下快门即是创作。
Photography is the art of capturing light and shadow.
Find the focus that belongs to you, and press the shutter to create.
| 01
曝光三要素：光圈
Three elements of exposure: aperture
控制画面虚实，f值越小，光圈越大，背景越朦胧。
Control the virtual reality of the picture.
The smaller the f value, the more hazy the background.
➡️F值越小，光圈越大，进光量越多，虛化越多
The smaller the F value, the larger the aperture, the more light in, and the more virtualization.
小光圈(f/8-f/22)全景清晰，适合风光、建筑
Small aperture (f/8-f/22) panoramic clear, suitable for scenery and architecture
大光圈(f/1.4-f/4)突出主体，适合人像、微距
Large aperture (f/1.4-f/4) highlights the subject, suitable for portraits, macro
曝光三要素：快门
Exposure of the three elements: shutter
定格动态瞬间，速度越快，画面越清晰。
Freeze the dynamic moment,
the faster the speed, the clearer the picture.
➡️快门越慢，进光时间越长，进光量越多，画面越亮，越模糊
The slower the shutter, the longer the light time, the more light,
the brighter and blurry the picture.
低速快门(<1/30s)营造动感，拍摄光轨、流水
Low-speed shutter (<1/30s) creates a sense of dynamism, shooting light tracks and flowing water
高速快门(>1/500s)凝固瞬间，抓拍运动物体
High-speed shutter (>1/500s) freezes at the moment, capture moving objects
曝光三要素：ISO
Exposure of the three elements: ISO
平衡明暗与噪点，数值越低，画质越纯净。
Balance light and dark with noise.
The lower the value, the purer the image quality.
➡️感光度ISO值越高，画面变亮，画面噪点越多，越粗糙
The higher the ISO value of the light sensitivity, the brighter the picture,
and the more noise the picture, the rougher it is.
优先使用低ISO(100-400)，光线不足时再提高
Give priority to low ISO (100-400), and then improve it when the light is insufficient.
| 02
构图：画面的骨架
Composition: the skeleton of the picture
构图的核心是通过元素排布建立视觉秩序，常见思路包括主体定位、线条利用、平衡布局等
The core of composition is to establish visual order through element layout. Common ideas include subject positioning, line utilization, balanced layout, etc.
中心点构图
Central point composition
三分点构图
Three-point composition
对称线构图
Symmetric line composition
对角线构图
Diagonal composition
三角构图
Triangular composition
前景构图
Foreground composition
······
构图的核心是秩序的构建，意义是让情感与叙事在视觉中精准落地。
The core of the composition is the construction of order,
and the meaning is to let emotions and narratives accurately land in the vision.
| 03
光线：摄影的灵魂
Light: the soul of photography
摄影的本质是捕光，
光线的强弱、角度与色温，构筑画面的质感与叙事张力。
The essence of photography is to capture light,
The strength, angle and color temperature of the light build the texture and narrative tension of the picture.
侧逆光
Side backlight
逆光
Backlight
······
光线是摄影的灵魂，以明暗层次勾勒主体肌理，用光影节奏定格瞬间情绪。
Light is the soul of photography. It outlines the texture of the subject with light and dark levels, and freezes the instantaneous mood with the rhythm of light and shadow.
| 04
色彩：情绪的表达
Color: the expression of emotions
摄影中的色彩运用，是通过色相搭配强化主题表达、以饱和度调控氛围浓度，让画面在简约中暗藏层次。
The use of color in photography is to strengthen the theme expression through color matching,Adjust the atmospheric concentration with saturation, so that the picture can hide layers in simplicity.
色相
Hue
明度
Brightness
纯度（饱和度）
Purity (saturation)
······
通过色彩逻辑梳理画面秩序，以精准调性传递创作意图，让视觉语言更具感染力。
Sort out the picture order through color logic, convey the creative intention with accurate tone,
and make the visual language more infectious.
| 05
对焦：精准捕捉
Focus: accurate capture
对焦是画面的 "视觉锚点"，通过虚实对比，突出核心表达
Focusing is the "visual anchor point" of the picture, which highlights the core expression through virtual and real contrast.
焦距越长，拍摄者与被摄者距离越远,背景越虚化。广角视角人像会桶型畸变，脸型被压缩状态；长焦视角人像会枕型
The longer the focal length, the farther the photographer is from the subject, and the more the background is blurred. The wide-angle perspective portrait will be barrel-shaped distortion, and the face shape will be compressed; the telephoto perspective portrait will be pillow-shaped.
对焦主体，前实后虚
Focus on the subject,
the front is real and the back is virtual
对焦背景，前虚后实
Focus the background,
the front is virtual and the back is real
| 06
模式选择：简化创作
Mode Selection: Simplify Creation
摄影中，模式选择是适配场景、校准光影，让创作意图精准落地的核心路径。
In photography, mode selection is the core path to adapt the scene, calibrate the light and shadow, and make the creative intention accurately implemented.
模式名称（英文缩写）
核心功能
适用场景
操作要点
自动模式（Auto）
相机自动设置光圈、快门、ISO等参数，无需手动调节
日常随拍、旅行记录、快速抓拍（无时间调整参数）
对焦后直接按下快门，适合摄影新手或追求高效记录的场景
光圈优先（A/Av）
手动调节光圈大小，相机自动匹配快门速度和ISO
人像摄影（大光圈虚化背景）、风景摄影（小光圈全景清晰）、静物特写
突出主体用f/1.4-f/4，全景清晰用f/8-f/16，配合曝光补偿调整亮度
快门优先（S/Tv）
手动调节快门速度，相机自动匹配光圈和ISO
运动摄影（高速快门定格动作）、夜景光轨（低速快门记录轨迹）、流水雾化
定格动作用1/500s以上，光轨/雾化用1s-30s，需搭配三脚架避免手抖
手动模式（M）
手动调节光圈、快门、ISO全部参数，完全掌控曝光
专业创作、夜景摄影、逆光拍摄、商业摄影（如产品、广告）
根据场景计算曝光值（EV），暗光环境需降低ISO减少噪点，强光环境适当提高快门速度
程序自动（P）
相机预设曝光组合，可手动微调参数（如曝光补偿、ISO）
兼顾自动便捷性与手动调节需求的场景（如街拍、弱光随拍）
无需纠结光圈快门搭配，可快速调整ISO或曝光补偿，适合有基础但追求高效的用户
| 07
后期：二次创作
Later stage: secondary creation
后期不是重塑，而是还原光影本真，放大场景自带的情绪张力
In the later stage, it is not reshaping, but restoring the true light and shadow, and amplifying the emotional tension of the scene.
常用手法：裁剪构图、调整亮度、优化对比
推荐工具：Snapseed、Lightroom
Common techniques: crop the composition, adjust the brightness, and optimize the contrast
Recommended tools: Snapseed、Lightroom
开始你的拍摄之旅!
Start your shooting journey!
- 掌握曝光三要素
- Master the three elements of exposure
- 善用光线与构图
- Make good use of light and composition
- 保持画面简约
- Keep the picture simple
- 多拍多练，找到自己的风格
- Shoot more and practice more to find your own style.
按下快门，记录你的世界
Press the shutter
to record your world.